Cyclic relationship of mechanical likelihood: Coupling perception-action states in extended haptic accuracy.

The present study investigates the dynamic nature of haptic accuracy in racket sports, specifically focusing on self-produced movements in participants with different skill levels (novice vs. expert). The study examines performance accuracy using indicators such as absolute error size and the coefficient of restitution as measures of haptic accuracy. To collect and analyze the data, custom-made devices, including shock and vibration sensors and Qualisys Track Manager, were used. The results indicate that skilled participants demonstrated higher accuracy, reflected by smaller absolute error sizes, and exhibited reduced variability in impulse vibration during self-produced movements. Moreover, employing maximum likelihood estimation and differential equations, we reveal cyclic relationships among these mechanical features. These findings provide valuable insights into perception-action coupling within different haptic skill levels, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of expertise in racket sports. By shedding light on the intricate relationship between haptic accuracy and performance, this research offers a valuable framework for studying perception-action coupling in racket sports and can potentially guide future investigations.

Eigenproperties of perception (dynamic touch) and action (phase dynamic) out of diversities.

This study explores perception-action heuristics from a fundamental theoretical perspective to describe the comprehensive frameworks of movement as a process within a system dynamic. We address issues related to the identification of dynamics by using a nonrepresentational perspective, namely, functional nonlinearity. Experimental-based tools and calculation procedures for perception (dynamic touch) and action (inter-limb synchrony) revealed a basic pattern of response. The applied models and analyses strongly reflect the invariant principles of a collective structure, which could be the key to understanding complex behavioral processes with simple underlying properties. Our results provide an empirical perspective on dynamic systems and may potentially lead to a set of interconnected elements whose interactions lead to various syntheses.

Perceiving "Complex Autonomous Systems" in Symmetry Dynamics: Elementary Coordination Embedding in Circadian Cycles.

This study explored the biological autonomy and control of function in circumstances that assessed the presumed relationship of an organism with an environmental cycle. An understanding of this behavior appeals to the organism-environment system rather than just the organism. Therefore, we sought to uncover the laws underlying end-directed capabilities by measuring biological characteristics (motor synchrony) in an environmental cycle (circadian temperature). We found that the typical elementary coordination (bimanual) stability measure varied significantly as a function of the day-night temperature cycle. While circadian effects under artificially manipulated temperatures were not straightforward during the day-night temperature cycle, the circadian effect divided by the ordinary circadian rhythm remained constant during the day-night cycle. Our observation of this direct, robust relationship between the biological characteristics (body temperature and motor synchrony) and environmental processes (circadian temperature cycle) could mirror the adaptation of our biological system to the environment.

Haptic perception accuracy depending on self-produced movement.

This study measured whether self-produced movement influences haptic perception ability (experiment 1) as well as the factors associated with levels of influence (experiment 2) in racket sports. For experiment 1, the haptic perception accuracy levels of five male table tennis experts and five male novices were examined under two different conditions (no movement vs. movement). For experiment 2, the haptic afferent subsystems of five male table tennis experts and five male novices were investigated in only the self-produced movement-coupled condition. Inferential statistics (ANOVA, t-test) and custom-made devices (shock & vibration sensor, Qualisys Track Manager) of the data were used to determine the haptic perception accuracy (experiment 1, experiment 2) and its association with expertise. The results of this research show that expert-level players acquire higher accuracy with less variability (racket vibration and angle) than novice-level players, especially in their self-produced movement coupled performances. The important finding from this result is that, in terms of accuracy, the skill-associated differences were enlarged during self-produced movement. To explain the origin of this difference between experts and novices, the functional variability of haptic afferent subsystems can serve as a reference. These two factors (self-produced accuracy and the variability of haptic features) as investigated in this study would be useful criteria for educators in racket sports and suggest a broader hypothesis for further research into the effects of the haptic accuracy related to variability.